"…. the Indians who actively worked for the creation of an all-India political organisation represented new social forces that were increasingly opposed to the exploitation of India for British interests. They needed an organisation that would fight for India's political and economic advancement." —From "Freedom Struggle".

(a) In the context of the above, identify the two individuals in Pictures 1 and 2, who were the early leaders of the organisation to be formed.

(b) How did the person in Picture 1, explain the economic exploitation of India for British interest?

(c) State any two methods adopted by the Early Nationalists in the National Movement.

(a) The organisation to be formed is the Indian National Congress. The two individuals shown are:

Picture 1 — Dadabhai Naoroji

Picture 2 — Gopal Krishna Gokhale

(b) The person in Picture 1, Dadabhai Naoroji, explained the economic exploitation of India through his famous 'Drain of Wealth' theory. In his book 'Poverty and un-British Rule in India,' he asserted that the British Rule and its costly administration was a heavy drain on the poor resources of India. He revealed the basic cause of India's poverty and exposed the exploitation of the Indian people through his writings. He vividly showed as to how the wealth of India was being drained to England and how the Indian economy was being ruined.

(c) Two methods of the Early Nationalists were:

1. They drafted petitions and memorandums and submitted them to the Government.
2. They organised annual sessions, processions and meetings to educate the people, to arouse political consciousness and to create a powerful public opinion in favour of their demands.