History & Civics
Keeping in mind the Criminal Courts in a district, explain the following :
(a) Organisation of the Criminal Courts in a district.
(b) Their functions and powers.
Subordinate Courts
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Answer
(a) Criminal courts operate in a hierarchical structure, with each level handling cases based on their severity and complexity. The categories of Criminal Courts or Sessions Courts in the districts in ascending order are given below:
- Court of the Second Class Judicial Magistrates
- Court of the First Class Judicial Magistrates
- Court of Chief Judicial Magistrate (CJM)
- The Sessions Court
(b) The functions and powers of Criminal Courts are given below:
Court of the Second Class Judicial Magistrates — They handle certain serious crimes, with penalties of up to 1 year imprisonment, a Rs. 5,000 fine, or both.
Court of the First Class Judicial Magistrates — They handle serious criminal cases, awarding up to three years' imprisonment or a fine of up to Rs. 10,000, or both, and hear appeals against Magistrates Class II decisions.
Court of Chief Judicial Magistrate (CJM) — These Magistrates can sentence up to seven years' imprisonment, but not death or life imprisonment.
The Sessions Court — It is the highest criminal court in a district, hearing cases like murder, dacoity, and violence. This court can award capital punishment, subject to High Court approval.
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