Observe the picture given below and answer the following questions:

(i) Which country was responsible for the bombing referred to in the headline? Mention any two consequences of the World War associated with this incident.

(ii) Explain the Policy of Appeasement which led to the Second World War.

(iii) The unfair Treaty of Versailles led to the rise of dictatorship in Germany. Mention any four clauses of this treaty to justify this statement.

(i) Japan was responsible for the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Two consequences of the Second World War were:

1. Defeat of the Axis Powers — Germany, Italy and Japan were defeated, bringing the war to an end.
2. Formation of the United Nations — The United Nations Organisation was established in 1945 to maintain international peace and security and prevent another world war.

(ii) Appeasement meant accepting the hostile demands of an aggressive nation in order to maintain peace. Britain and France followed this policy towards Germany and Italy because they felt that the dictators had genuine grievances against the harsh Treaty of Versailles and that satisfying these grievances would preserve peace. They also wanted to check the spread of Communism and the influence of Soviet Russia. As a result, Germany was allowed to rearm, remilitarise the Rhineland and annex Austria and Czechoslovakia. This encouraged Hitler's aggression and helped lead to the Second World War.

(iii) The unfair Treaty of Versailles led to the rise of dictatorship in Germany. Four clauses of the Treaty of Versailles are:

1. Germany was declared guilty of aggression and had to pay war reparation of 33 billion dollars.
2. The Saar coal mines were given to France for 15 years and the area was to be governed by the League of Nations.
3. The area of the Rhine valley was demilitarised and the German territory west of Rhine was to be occupied by the Allied troops for 15 years.
4. The German Army was restricted to a force of 1,00,000 soldiers and the Navy was limited to 15,000 men and 24 ships. The Air Force and submarines were banned.