History & Civics
What were the main objectives of British education in India? Mention the steps recommended to implement the policy.
British Policies & Impact
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Answer
The main objectives of British education in India, as outlined in the Wood's Despatch, were:
- Teach Western education: Spread European knowledge in arts, science, and literature, with English as the medium of higher education.
- Promote vernacular languages: Use vernacular languages to spread European knowledge to the masses.
- Focus on vocational and technical education: Establish technical schools and colleges for vocational training.
Steps recommended to implement the policy:
- School system: Establish vernacular primary schools in villages, followed by Anglo-Vernacular high schools and colleges at the district level.
- Grants-in-aid: Encourage private institutions with grants-in-aid, ensuring they meet teaching standards and employ qualified teachers.
- Public Instruction Department: Create a Department in each province to monitor education and submit annual reports.
- Universities: Establish universities in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras, modeled after London University, to conduct exams and confer degrees.
- Teachers' training: Set up teachers' training institutions to improve the quality of education.
- Women's education: Provide support for women’s education.
These measures led to the establishment of three universities in 1857, marking a key development in India's education system.
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