Science
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are two important organelles in a plant cell. Discuss how these two organelles are structurally and functionally similar to each other, and different from each other.
Cell
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Answer
Similarities:
- Both are double-membrane-bound organelles.
- Both have their own DNA and ribosomes, so they can make some of their own proteins.
- Both share an evolutionary history with certain single-celled organisms (bacteria).
- Both are involved in energy-related processes of the cell.
Differences:
| Mitochondria | Chloroplasts |
|---|---|
| Site of cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down to release energy (ATP). | Site of photosynthesis, where food (sugars) is synthesised using sunlight. |
| Present in both plant and animal cells. | Present only in plant cells (green parts). |
| Do not contain chlorophyll. | Contain the green pigment chlorophyll. |
| The inner membrane is folded into finger-like cristae. | Contain a semi-fluid stroma with disc-shaped membrane structures that contain chlorophyll. |
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