History & Civics
Name the incident related to the above newspaper article and examine the cause and effect of the incident.
Mahatma Gandhi
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Answer
The incident was the Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy (Amritsar Massacre) of 13 April 1919.
Cause of the Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy — In 1919, widespread protests were organised against the Rowlatt Act. In Amritsar, popular leaders Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlu and Dr. Satya Pal were arrested. On 13 April, a large peaceful gathering assembled at Jallianwala Bagh to protest against their arrest. General Dyer entered the Bagh with his troops, blocked the exit and ordered them to fire on the unarmed crowd.
Effect of the Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy —
- According to the official statement, 379 persons were killed and several thousand were wounded; unofficial estimates placed the number of casualties much higher.
- Martial law was imposed in Punjab, and severe restrictions were placed on the people.
- The massacre shocked the entire nation. Rabindranath Tagore renounced his Knighthood in protest.
- The British refused to withdraw the Rowlatt Act or adequately make amends for the atrocities in Punjab.
- The incident destroyed Gandhiji's faith in British justice. He changed from a cooperator to a non-cooperator and decided to launch the Non-Cooperation Movement.
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