History & Civics
Read the following excerpt and answer the questions that follow:
"Until 1850's Britain was, we may note, almost self-sufficient in terms of foodgrains. Also, industrial growth meant urbanisation. The growth of the city's demand on the country side, especially for corn increased. Shortage of corn would cause problems in the city, especially with its unstable proletariat and the population that was employed occasionally or at regular intervals." (Source: https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/12887/1/Unit-8.pdf)
(a) Why is surplus agricultural production necessary for industrialisation?
(b) How did industrialisation lead to urbanisation?
Industrial Revolution
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Answer
(a) Surplus agricultural production is necessary for industrialisation because it ensures a steady food supply for the growing urban population, particularly in cities where industrialisation is concentrated. As industries grow, so does the demand for food. A surplus ensures that food is available to feed the expanding urban population, which includes workers in factories and the transient proletariat. Without surplus agricultural production, food shortages could lead to social unrest and disrupt industrial growth.
(b) The introduction of machinery destroyed the domestic system of production. The growth of industries and the use of huge machines led to the establishment of factories. The people of villages shifted to towns and cities to get employment in the factories. This in turn led to the growth of new towns and cities in England such as Manchester, Birmingham, the Sheffield and Leeds. It made modern civilisation increasingly urban in character and the city life broadened people's outlook.
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Related Questions
Read the following excerpt and answer the questions that follow:
"All these aspects brought about a tremendous change in England and that is why the term industrial Revolution was coined. These impulses towards change slowly spread, in various degrees, to other European countries in course of the 19th century. However, England was the model and in discussing the industrial Revolution, we shall pay special attention to the history of England."
(Source: https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/12887/1/Unit-8.pdf)
(a) Why was a peaceful atmosphere essential for industrialisation in England?
(b) How did the availability of raw materials like coal and iron facilitate industrial growth in England?
How did the Industrial Revolution affect women and children in the workforce?
Read the following excerpt and answer the questions that follow:
"Socialism was a direct response to the Industrial Revolution, which brought enormous economic and social change to Great Britain and the rest of the world. As industrialists grew wealthy on the labor of workers who increasingly lived in poverty, socialism emerged as an alternative to capitalism, one that could improve life for the working class."
(Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/socialism.asp)
(a) How did the exploitation of workers lead to the growth of socialism?
(b) What were the core principles of socialism that challenged capitalism?
(c) Discuss the role of Karl Marx and Engels in promoting socialist ideas.
The Napoleonic Wars indirectly influenced industrialisation in England. With reference to this, answer the following questions:
(a) How did England's political stability during the Napoleonic Wars support its industrial growth?
(b) What role did England's naval power play in sustaining its trade and economy during this period?
(c) How did the failure of the Continental System boost England's industrial and economic development?