The Nanda dynasty established their rule over the kingdom of Magadha during the fourth century BCE. Mahapadma Nanda seized the throne of Magadha. He was the founder of the Nanda dynasty. At the time of Alexander's invasion, Magadha was ruled by Dhana Nanda. Greek sources state that he had a vast army consisting of infantry, cavalry, chariots and war elephants.

1. Who was the founder of the Nanda dynasty?
2. Who was the ruler of Magadha during the time of Alexander's invasion?
3. What do the Greek sources say about Dhana Nanda?

When he had been consecrated eight years the Beloved of the Gods, the king Piyadassi, conquered Kalinga. A hundred and fifty thousand people were deported, a hundred thousand were killed and many times that number perished. Afterwards, now that Kalinga was annexed, the Beloved of the Gods very earnestly practiced Dhamma, desired Dhamma and taught Dhamma. On conquering Kalinga the Beloved of the Gods felt remorse, for when an independent country is conquered the slaughter, death and deportation of the people is extremely grievous to the Beloved of the Gods and weighs heavily on his mind.

1. Who is called the Beloved of Gods?
2. What did the Beloved of Gods witness in the Kalinga War?
3. What did he do after the Kalinga war?

With reference to the 73rd and 74th amendments of the Constitution of India, answer the following questions:

1. How many subjects can be transferred to the Panchayati Raj Institutions?
2. Which subjects are to be transferred to Panchayati Raj Institutions? Name any five.
3. How many new tasks are to be catered to by urban local bodies?
4. Name any five tasks that are to be catered to by urban local bodies

On the outline map of India given below, mark any seven of the mahajanapadas.