With reference to the different summits of the NAM, answer the following :

(a) In what way have the NAM objectives changed over the years?

(b) Do you think Non-Alignment is necessary today? Give reasons for your answer.

(a) Today, NAM stands for a broader objective of international peace as well as independence of foreign policy of each sovereign State.

1. NAM continues to be an effective forum for seeking economic justice.
2. Many small and weak countries are unable to preserve their sovereignty in economic field because of the interference of international financial institutions like the World Bank, IMF and WTO which try to impose their decisions on them. NAM can come forward and counteract these moves.
3. The USA has emerged as the sole super power in the world. It is here that NAM could utilise its vast experience gained over the years to prevent the US domination.
4. NAM still continues to be positive, dynamic and constructive movement aimed at achieving universal peace, disarmament and development.

(b) Yes, Non-Alignment is still necessary today, because:

1. Many countries still seek to maintain independence in foreign policy without being dominated by major powers.
2. It provides a platform for developing countries to voice their concerns on global issues.
3. In a world of shifting power blocs and rising tensions, NAM promotes dialogue, peace, and cooperation instead of conflict.
4. It helps unite nations around common goals like sustainable development and global equity.