Several factors led to the foundation of the Muslim League in 1906. In this context, describe :

(a) The partition of Bengal.

(b) The role of the British Government.

(a) Lord Curzon divided Bengal into two provinces in 1905 on administrative grounds. But the real purpose of the partition of Bengal was to reward the Muslims for their loyalty, to drive a wedge between the Hindus and the Muslims and to check the rising tide of nationalism in India. The British got the support of the Muslims on the ground that the new province would be a Muslim majority province.

(b) The British government played a direct role in encouraging the formation of the Muslim League to counter the rising tide of Indian nationalism and weaken the Indian National Congress. Their main tactics were:

1. 'Divide and Rule Policy: The British deliberately encouraged communal divisions between Hindus and Muslims. They projected the Congress as a Hindu-dominated organisation, to alienate Muslims from the national movement.

2. Support for Separate Electorates: In October 1906, a Muslim deputation led by Agha Khan met Lord Minto, the then Viceroy, at Shimla. The delegation demanded separate electorates for Muslims and the demand was accepted by Lord Minto.

3. Encouragement of Muslim Political Organisations: In 1893, the British had supported the creation of the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental Defence Association to keep Muslims away from the Congress. Later, they facilitated the formation of the All India Muslim League in 1906, providing it political recognition and backing.