Make a Punnett square and find out the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of F₁ and F₂ generations in the progeny of a genetic cross between:

(a) A pure tall (TT) pea plant with a pure dwarf (tt) pea plant.

(b) Red flower variety of pea (RR) with white flower variety of pea (rr).

A homozygous plant having round (R) and yellow (Y) seed is crossed with another homozygous plant having wrinkled (r) and green (y) seeds. Answer the following questions :

(a) Give the genotype of the F₁ generation.

(b) Mention the phenotype of the F₁ offsprings.

(c) Give the possible combinations of gametes that can be obtained from F₁ hybrids.

(d) Give the dihybrid phenotypic ratio and the phenotype of the offsprings of the F₂ generation when two plants of F₁ generation are crossed.

(e) Name and state the law which explains the dihybrid phenotypic ratio.

In a certain species of animals, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). Predict the genotype and phenotype of the offspring, when both parents are 'Bb' or have heterozygous black fur.

Mendel crossed a homozygous pea plant having round seeds (RR) with a homozygous pea plant having wrinkled seeds (rr). He got different results. On the basis of it, answer the following questions:

(a) Which character of seed is studied in the experiment?

(b) Which of the above two traits is dominant ?

(c) Write the phenotype and genotype of F₁ offspring.

(d) Mention and state the Mendel’s law shown in the above cross.

(e) Make a Punnett square for F₂ generation when two plants of F₁ offspring are crossed with each other.

(f) Write the phenotypic ratio of F₂ progeny.

(g) What will be the genotypic ratio of F₂ offsprings ?

(h) What are the two traits of seed colour ? Also mention which is dominant and recessive ?

(i) Write the scientific name of garden pea.

(j) Write two main features of pea plant due to which Mendel had selected it for his hybridisation studies.