History & Civics
With reference to provincial Governments under the Mauryan rule, answer the following questions:
(a) Name the different provinces and their capitals into which the Mauryan empire was divided.
(b) How was the provincial administration run?
(c) What changes were brought about in the Mauryan administration during Ashoka's reign?
Mauryan Empire
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Answer
(a) The different provinces and their capitals into which the Mauryan empire was divided are:
| Sl. No. | Province | Capital |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Magadha | Pataliputra |
| 2 | Gandhara (North-Western Province) | Takshila |
| 3 | Avanti (Eastern Province) | Ujjain |
| 4 | Southern Province | Swarnagiri |
| 5 | Kalinga | Tosali |
(b) The head of province was called Kumar or Aryaputra. Only princes were appointed to this position. The Kumar was assisted by the Governor (Mahamatra). According to some rock and pillar edicts of Ashoka, besides the Mahamatra, other officers took active part in the administration of the provinces. Pradeshika collected taxes. Rajuka performed the function of modern day Tehsildar or revenue officer and Yukta was the treasurer.
(c) The changes that were brought about in the Mauryan administration during Ashoka's reign were:
- Ashoka added a new province, Kalinga with Tosali as capital.
- The Mauryan centralised monarchy became a paternal despotism under Ashoka.
- Ashoka simplified many rigorous practices related to administration regarding taxation and crop collection.
- Ashoka appointed Mahamatras or Governors to look after the welfare of his subjects.
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