Integrating Robots as a System

Which of the following does the given image depict?

1. Wheeled Robot
2. Tracked Robot
3. Underwater Robot
4. Legged Robot

Answer

Tracked Robot

Reason — The given image shows a robot that uses continuous tracks similar to tank treads for movement. This feature is characteristic of a land-based tracked robot, which is designed to move across uneven, rough or slippery surfaces.

Which of the following is not the components of a robot?

1. chassis
2. actuators
3. punctuators
4. sensors

Answer

punctuators

Reason — The components of a robot include chassis, actuators and sensors.

What does the letter S mean in SBC?

1. Single
2. Supreme
3. Super
4. Sensor

Answer

Single

Reason — SBC stands for Single Board Computer, where the letter S denotes Single, indicating that all essential components are integrated on a single circuit board.

Which of following statements is not appropriate for Tinkercad?

1. It is a web-based 3D design.
2. It is a modelling tool ideal for beginners as well for professionals.
3. It is a hardware integrated with 3D printing technologies.
4. It allows the users to turn digital designs into physical objects.

Answer

It is a hardware integrated with 3D printing technologies.

Reason — Tinkercad is an intuitive, web-based 3D design and modelling tool ideal for beginners as well as professionals. It is software integrated with 3D printing technologies, which allows users to turn digital designs into physical objects.

Which of the following is not a programming language?

1. Java
2. Diamond
3. Python
4. Ruby

Answer

Diamond

Reason — Java, Python and Ruby are programming languages, whereas Diamond is not a programming language.

State whether the following statements are True or False:

1. Land-based legged robots are mobile machines that move using limbs, typically resembling human or animal legs.
2. Air-based drones are known as unmanned aerial vehicle flying robot system.
3. Tinkercad is a web-based 3D design for beginners as well for professionals.
4. Java is not an object-oriented programming language.
5. Single Board Computer is a self-contained computing device that integrates all essential components.
6. Tinkercad requires installation which enables its functioning entirely online.

Answer

1. True
2. True
3. True
4. False
   Corrected Statement: Java is an object-oriented programming language.
5. True
6. False
   Corrected Statement: Tinkercad does not require any installation and functions entirely online.

Write down the full forms of the following:

1. HDMI
2. USB
3. GPIO
4. PCI
5. UAV
6. LED

Answer

1. HDMI — High-Definition Multimedia Interface
2. USB — Universal Serial Bus
3. GPIO — General Purpose Input/Output
4. PCI — Peripheral Component Interconnect
5. UAV — Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
6. LED — Light Emitting Diode

Name the labelled components of SBC.

Answer

1. GPIO Pins
2. USB power slot
3. HDMI Ports
4. USB Ports
5. Ethernet Port

Assertion (A): Mobile robots are capable of moving and navigating through various environments.

Reason (R): They use sensors, cameras and control systems to perform their tasks autonomously or semi-autonomously.

Based on the above discussion, choose an appropriate statement from the options given below:

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.
5. Both A and R are false.

Answer

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Reason — Mobile robots are capable of moving and navigating through various environments because they use sensors, cameras and control systems to perform their tasks autonomously or semi-autonomously.

There are various types of wheeled robots used for applications. Read the following statements and identify the types of robots. The statements are given as under:

(a) These robots rely on skid steering, similar to tanks, as rack-and-pinion steering (used in cars).

(b) These robots use continuous tracks, similar to tank treads to move across various terrains.

(c) These robots are known as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flying robot system.

(d) These robots are the mechanical devices designed to function in subaquatic environments without direct human involvement.

Answer

(a) Land-based Wheeled Robot
(b) Land-based Tracked Robot
(c) Air-based Robot (Drone)
(d) Water-based Robot

Write short notes on Land-based Wheeled Robot.

Answer

Land-based wheeled robots are popular among beginners as they often require minimal investment but offer valuable experience in robotics. They typically have three or four wheels. In three-wheeled designs, they often use two main wheels and a caster. Advanced two-wheeled robots use gyroscopic stabilisation. Most wheeled robots rely on skid steering, similar to tanks, rather than rack-and-pinion steering used in cars. Four and six-wheeled robots often use individual drive motors for each wheel, reducing slippage.

Write short notes on Land-based Legged Robot.

Answer

Land-based legged robots are mobile machines that move using limbs, typically resembling human or animal legs. This design enables them to navigate complex terrains, such as rocky, uneven or stair-filled environments, where wheeled or tracked robots would struggle. The legged robots, such as bipedal or quadrupedal robots, provide better adaptability and mobility in challenging conditions, making them ideal for tasks requiring flexibility and stability in diverse settings.

Write short notes on Water-based Robot.

Answer

Water-based robots are the mechanical devices designed to function in subaquatic environments without direct human involvement. They are commonly used for ocean exploration, underwater infrastructure maintenance, environmental monitoring and underwater photography. They include Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) for deep-sea exploration, Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) for underwater inspections and Surface Robots for oceanic studies. The applications range from marine research and environmental monitoring to underwater repairs and military surveillance.

Write short notes on Single Board Computer (SBC).

Answer

Single Board Computer (SBC) is a compact, self-contained computing device that integrates all essential components such as processor, memory, storage and input/output ports on a single circuit board. Unlike traditional desktop computers, SBCs are designed for specific tasks or embedded systems and do not rely on additional expansion cards for basic functionality. Single Board Computers are used in education, IoT, robotics, home automation, media servers and industrial automation. They enable low-cost computing, prototyping and real-time data processing in compact, energy-efficient systems.

Write short notes on Raspberry Pi.

Answer

Raspberry Pi is a low-cost, credit-card-sized single-board computer. It has features such as ARM-based processors and supports operating systems like Raspberry Pi OS and Ubuntu. It is popularly used in education, DIY (do-it-yourself) projects and IoT. It offers General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) pins for hardware interfacing and has a large community for support and development.

Write short notes on RR Mechanism.

Answer

The RR mechanism (Revolute-Revolute) consists of two rotary joints that provide rotational motion in robotic systems. This configuration allows for flexible motion in two degrees of freedom, such as angular positioning and orientation. It is commonly used in robotic arms for tasks requiring precise, multidirectional movement. Its simplicity and adaptability make the RR mechanism a foundational design in robotics.

What is meant by Wheeled Mobile Robot?

Answer

A wheeled mobile robot is a type of mobile robot that moves on wheels, offering efficient and fast transportation over smooth surfaces. Due to their simple design and ease of control, these robots are widely used in industries, warehouses and service applications to navigate and perform tasks.

What are the types of Wheeled Mobile Robot? Name them.

Answer

The types of Wheeled Mobile Robot are:

1. Land-based Wheeled Robot
2. Land-based Tracked Robot
3. Land-based Legged Robot
4. Air-based Robot
5. Water-based Robot

What are the key components involved in Wheeled Mobile Robots? Name them.

Answer

The key components involved in Wheeled Mobile Robots are:

1. Wheels and Chassis
2. Motors and Actuators
3. Sensors
4. Controller
5. Power Supply
6. Communication Module
7. Microcontroller/Processor

Describe the process of building a simple wheeled mobile robot.

Answer

The process of building a simple wheeled mobile robot involves the following steps:

Step 1: Design the Chassis
Select or build a frame to support all components using materials like acrylic, aluminium or plastic.

Step 2: Attach Wheels
Choose appropriate wheels for the terrain and use two or four wheels depending on the design.

Step 3: Install Motors
Attach DC motors or stepper motors to the wheels for movement and ensure proper connection to the chassis.

Step 4: Add a Microcontroller
Use a controller like Arduino or Raspberry Pi to manage the operations of the robot.

Step 5: Integrate Sensors
Add sensors such as ultrasonic or infra-red modules for navigation and obstacle detection.

Step 6: Connect Power Supply
Use batteries to power the motors and electronics, ensuring proper voltage regulation.

Step 7: Write the Program
Develop and upload the code to the microcontroller to control the robot’s movement and behaviour.

Step 8: Test and Adjust
Test the functionality of the robot and make necessary adjustments.

Name the different types of air-based drones.

Answer

The different types of air-based drones are:

1. Fixed-Wing Drones
2. Rotary-Wing Drones
3. Hybrid Drones
4. Tethered Drones
5. Delivery Drones

Name three programming languages used in Single Board Computer coding.

Answer

Three programming languages used in Single Board Computer coding are:

1. Python
2. C++
3. Java

Explain the purpose of the following components used in SBC:

(a) GPIO Pins

(b) HDMI Pins

(c) Ethernet Ports

Answer

(a) GPIO pins interface SBCs with external hardware, allowing control of LEDs, sensors, motors and other devices for robotic automation.

(b) HDMI ports in SBCs connect the device to monitors or TVs, enabling high-definition video and audio output for display purposes.

(c) Ethernet ports provide wired network connectivity, ensuring stable and high-speed internet or LAN access for data transmission and remote control.

What are the features of SBC?

Answer

The features of Single Board Computer (SBC) are:

1. Compact Design — SBCs are typically small which allows them to be used in space-constrained environments.

2. Cost-Effective — SBCs offer a budget-friendly alternative to traditional desktop computers.

3. Versatile Interfaces — SBCs support various connectivity options, such as GPIO pins, USB, HDMI and Ethernet.

4. Energy Efficient — SBCs consume low power, making them ideal for embedded and IoT devices.

5. Customisable — Many SBCs allow users to customise hardware as well as software.

Give three differences between SBC and Motherboard in PC.

Answer

Three differences between SBC and Motherboard in PC are: