Worksheet 4

Deep narrow inlets of the sea with steep slopes produced by the erosive action of glaciers.

Answer

Fjords

Deep river channels along the coast usually formed by the rise of sea level.

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Estuaries

Plains surrounded by mountain ranges.

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Basins

Climate of the coastal regions modified by the influence of oceans and seas.

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Maritime climate

Climate of the interior regions having extremes of temperature between summer and winter.

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Continental climate

Temperate grasslands in Europe.

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Steppes

The African continent mainly consists of ............... .

1. vast lowlands
2. high mountains
3. large plateaus
4. long coastlines

Answer

large plateaus

Reason — Africa mostly comprises a stable plateau. Most parts of the continent consist of highlands in the form of plateaus.

The Nile River drains into the ............... .

1. Indian Ocean
2. Mediterranean Sea
3. Red Sea
4. Arctic Ocean

Answer

Mediterranean Sea

Reason — The Nile has its source near Lake Victoria, flows northwards and drains into the Mediterranean Sea.

Which latitude passes through Australia?

1. the Equator
2. the Tropic of Capricorn
3. the Tropic of Cancer
4. the Arctic Circle

Answer

the Tropic of Capricorn

Reason — Australia lies in the southern hemisphere, and the Tropic of Capricorn passes through its centre.

Australia has summer season during ............... .

1. December–February
2. March–May
3. June–August
4. January–February

Answer

December–February

Reason — Australia lies in the southern hemisphere, where the seasons are opposite to those of the northern hemisphere. Its conventional summer season extends from December to February.

Note — January and February are also summer months, but December–February gives the complete conventional summer season and is therefore the intended option.

What are the two parts of Antarctica?

Answer

The two parts of Antarctica are Greater Antarctica and Lesser Antarctica. Greater Antarctica is the part of the continent that lies in the eastern hemisphere and is considerably larger. Lesser Antarctica is the part that lies in the western hemisphere and contains the Antarctic Peninsula.

Describe the animal life in the surrounding seas of Antarctica.

Answer

The seas surrounding Antarctica are rich in marine life. They contain protein-rich fish and krill, which is an important food source in the Antarctic ecosystem. Various animals such as seals (the elephant seal, fur seals and the Weddell seal), whales (like the humpback whale) and several kinds of penguins (such as the Adelie, King, Macaroni, Emperor and Gentoo penguins) live in and around these waters. Birds such as albatrosses and the Antarctic tern are also found along the coast.