Study the given picture and answer the following questions
(i) Which book is this page taken from?
(ii) This book contained the memoirs of which famous Mughal ruler?
(iii) Which language was the book written in?
(iv) What did the book contain?
Answer
(i) This page is taken from the Baburnama.
(ii) It contained the memoirs of Babur, the first Mughal emperor.
(iii) It was written in the Turkish language.
(iv) It contained Babur's own memoirs — an account of his life and reign.
Differentiate between the rule of Jahangir and Shah Jahan using the following points.
| Points of difference | Jahangir | Shah Jahan |
|---|---|---|
| Name of the father | ||
| Name of the wife | ||
| Policy towards foreigners | ||
| Art and architecture | ||
| Death |
Answer
| Points of difference | Jahangir | Shah Jahan |
|---|---|---|
| Name of the father | Akbar | Jahangir |
| Name of the wife | Nur Jahan (Mehr-un-Nisa) | Mumtaz Mahal (Arjumand Banu Begum) |
| Policy towards foreigners | He gave the English East India Company permission to set up factories at Surat and Broach. | He initially allowed the Portuguese to trade, but expelled them from Hugli on finding that they were using it for piracy in the Bay of Bengal. |
| Art and architecture | He was a great patron of painting; paintings of his reign were catalogued, dated and signed. He also wrote his autobiography, Tuzk-i-Jahangiri. | His reign is regarded as the Golden Age of Mughal architecture. He built the Taj Mahal, the Red Fort, the Jama Masjid, the Moti Masjid and the Peacock Throne. |
| Death | He died in 1627 CE while returning from Kashmir to Lahore, and was buried at Shahdara, a suburb of Lahore. | He was put under house arrest in the Agra Fort by his son Aurangzeb and died in prison in 1666 CE. |
Why did Guru Gobind Singh establish the Khalsa?
Answer
In 1675 CE, Aurangzeb executed the ninth Sikh guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur, along with his three close followers. This execution infuriated the Sikhs. In response, Guru Tegh Bahadur's son and successor, the tenth guru Guru Gobind Singh, reconstituted the Sikhs and established the Khalsa — a military brotherhood.
Why did the Rajputs rebel?
Answer
In 1679 CE, after Maharaja Jaswant Singh of Jodhpur died, a conflict arose over who would be the next Raja. Aurangzeb's choice — a grandson of the former Maharaja's elder brother — was not accepted by other members of Jaswant Singh's family, and so the Rajputs rebelled.
Where were the Satnamis located?
Answer
The Satnamis were a sect concentrated in an area near Delhi, under the leadership of Bhirbhan.
From where were the Jats who revolted?
Answer
The Jats who revolted in 1667 CE were from around Mathura.