The disasters which happen due to the natural forces are called
- Man-made disaster
- Natural disaster
- Hybrid disaster
- Hazard
Answer
Natural disaster
Which of the following measures should be taken during an earthquake?
- People who are indoors should come out quickly instead of taking shelter under any furniture.
- People who are outdoors should move away from buildings, trees, electric poles.
- If you are in a car, slow down & drive to a clear place.
- All the above
Answer
All the above
What was the magnitude on Richter Scale of the earthquake that happened in Tohoku, Japan in 2011?
- 6.7
- 9.0
- 5.0
- 8.0
Answer
9.0
The Chernobyl Disaster (1986) happened due to
- Oil spillage
- Overflow of river water
- Meltdown in a reactor
- Leakage of poisonous gas
Answer
Meltdown in a reactor
Bhopal Gas Tragedy is an example of which of the following disaster?
- Natural disaster
- Man-made disaster
- Hybrid disaster
- All the above
Answer
Man-made disaster
NDM stands for
- National Development Ministry
- Natural Disaster Management
- National Disaster Management
- National Disaster Module
Answer
National Disaster Management
Which of the following rivers are responsible for causing flood in Assam?
- Ganga and its tributaries
- Mahanadi River and its tributaries
- Brahmaputra and Barak rivers
- Narmada River
Answer
Brahmaputra and Barak rivers
Which of the following disaster is responsible for the following condition?
- Earthquake
- Flood
- Fire hazard
- Oil spillage
Answer
Flood
Which of the following plates were responsible for Nepal earthquake on 25th April, 2015?
- Pacific Plate & Indian Plate
- Nazka Plate & Eurasian Plate
- Indo-Australian & Eurasian Plate
- Eurasian & Pacific Plate
Answer
Indo-Australian & Eurasian Plate
Which one of the following is not a man-made disaster?
- Flood
- Nuclear disaster
- Aeroplane crashes
- Chemical disaster
Answer
Flood
Earthquake due to the construction of dams is an example of
- Natural disaster
- Man-made disaster
- Hybrid disaster
- All the above
Answer
Hybrid disaster
On 2013, Uttarakhand experienced flash flood due to the melting of ............... glacier.
- Siachen
- Gangotri
- Yamunotri
- Chorabari
Answer
Chorabari
The word Tsunami means
- sea wave
- seismic wave
- harbour wave
- submarine wave
Answer
harbour wave
Ritcher scale measures
- damages of properties
- intensity of seismic wave
- temperature of earth's interior
- all the above
Answer
intensity of seismic wave
Fill in the blanks:
(i) A disaster is a sudden ............... that may cause displacement of great number of people.
(ii) Traffic accidents, chemical and industrial accidents and epidemics are ............... disasters.
(iii) ............... occur in hilly areas.
(iv) Natural disasters occur ............... .
(v) Kedarnath is in ............... .
Answer
(i) calamity
(ii) man-made
(iii) Landslides
(iv) naturally
(v) Uttarakhand
Natural disaster
Answer
When disasters occur due to natural forces, they are called natural disasters, over which man has hardly any control. For example, earthquakes, floods etc.
Man-made disaster
Answer
A man-made disaster is a disaster resulting from human intent, negligence or error. For example, nuclear disaster, chemical disaster etc.
Hybrid disaster
Answer
Hybrid disasters are the disasters that are linked with both natural and man-made disasters. For example, drought due to over-consumption, landslides due to extensive deforestation etc.
Define a disaster. State any three effects of a disaster.
Answer
A disaster can be defined as a sudden, accidental event of great magnitude that causes considerable damage to life and property.
Three effects of disaster are-
- Loss of life
- Loss of property
- Displacement of people affected by the disaster
How many types of disasters are there?
Answer
There are three types of disasters-
- Natural disasters
- Man-made disasters
- Hybrid disasters
State any three causes of disaster.
Answer
Three causes of disaster are-
- Rapid and uncontrolled urbanisation
- Mismanagement of natural resources
- Faulty infrastructure of buildings
State any three effects of earthquakes.
Answer
Three effects of earthquakes are-
- Tsunamis.
- Landslides.
- Loss of lives and destruction of property.
How is a tsunami generated? When did the last tsunami affect India and neighbouring areas?
Answer
Tsunamis are generated by a large impulsive displacement of the sea bed. They can be generated by earthquakes of the sea floor, landslides under water and volcanic activity.
The last tsunami that occurred in India was that of 26th December, 2004 on Boxing Day.
State any three preventive measures to be taken during floods.
Answer
Three preventive measures to be taken during floods are-
- The area must be evacuated at the first sign of warning.
- Electrical appliances must be disconnected to avoid short circuit resulting in fire.
- Important and essential items like drinking water, food and flash light must be taken while going to a shelter.
When did the Bhopal Gas Tragedy occur?
Answer
Bhopal Gas tragedy occurred on the night of 2nd and 3rd December, 1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL), a pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.
What were the long term effects of Bhopal Gas Tragedy?
Answer
The long term effects of Bhopal Gas Tragedy were-
- Thousands of people had succumbed by the morning hours after the leak in the night.
- More than 170,000 people were treated at hospitals.
- The cause of deaths were choking, reflex organic circulatory collapses and pulmonary oedema.
- Findings during autopsies revealed changes not only in lungs but also cerebral oedema and tubular necrosis of the kidneys.
- The still birth rate increased upto 300% and neonatal mortality rate by 200%.
- UCCS laboratory tests in 1989 revealed that the soil and water samples collected near the factory were toxic to fish. Hence, fish was not considered edible.
- The hazardous health concern still continues.
State any three causes of hybrid disasters.
Answer
Three causes of hybrid disasters are-
- Indiscriminate cutting down of the forests
- Rapid industrialisation
- Indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources
What is disaster management?
Answer
Disaster Management can be defined as the organization and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular, preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters. It involves teamwork and cooperation from all sections of society i.e. from common man to the government to prepare an efficient plan of action that enables effective efforts to reduce the dangers caused by the disaster to a minimum. Disaster management broadly encompasses the management before, during and after a disaster. It simply means planning of various steps to reduce the aftermath of a disaster, planning effective response system, planning rehabilitation and also preparing disaster resilient communities.
What is NDM? What are its objectives?
Answer
NDM stands for National Disaster Management. It is a framework developed by the ministry of home affairs (MHA) for preparing the communities to counter the adverse effects of disasters through integration of disaster mitigation into development planning.
The objectives of NDM include imparting special training to disaster management personnel to create public awareness towards disaster management, training of engineers, architects and masons in safe construction practices and in addition, Disaster Management has been included as a core subject in the school curriculum of all educational boards.
What was the cause of flash floods in Uttarakhand in June 2013? State any three effects of the same.
Answer
The flash floods in Uttarakhand in June 2013 were caused due to heavy rainfall in the state of Uttarakhand and adjoining areas, which was about 375% more than the benchmark rainfall during a normal rainfall.
This caused the melting of Chorabari glacier at the height of 3800 metres and erupting of Mandakini river, which led to heavy floods, near Gobind Ghat, Kedar Dham, Rudraprayag and Uttarakhand.
Three effects of flash floods are-
- According to the figures provided by the Uttarakhand Government, 5748 people were missing.
- According to the figures provided by the Uttarakhand Government, about 1000 people were reported dead.
- Damage to bridges and roads left over 70,000 pilgrims to Kedarnath, trapped in various places. Many of them were rescued by army, Indian air force and the paramilitary troops.
Write a short note on fire safety.
Answer
Fire safety is a set of practices intended to reduce destruction caused by fire. Fire measures include those that are intended to prevent ignition of an uncontrolled fire, and those that are used to limit the development and effects of a fire after it starts.
How are remote sensing satellites helpful in detecting a natural disaster like Tsunami and earthquake?
Answer
Remote sensing satellites orbit the earth at different altitudes. They gather electromagnetic energy reflected or scattered back from a part of the earth's atmosphere below the satellite.
Satellite remote sensing is a powerful tool and can clearly reveal the factors causing environmental degradation occurring in any part of the world.
Monitoring emergencies as they happen, keeping track of a flood, alerting Coast Guard to pollutants in water, detecting burning fires are some of the important tasks done by remote sensing satellites.
Disaster is a natural or a man made event.
Answer
Disaster is a natural or a man made event because it can be caused due to any natural phenomena, human activities or both.
Fire hazards pose threat to life and property.
Answer
Fire hazards pose threat to life and property as they include all types of live flames, causes of sparks, hot objects and chemicals that have a potential for ignition, or that can aggravate a fire to become large and uncontrolled.
Human activities have disastrous consequences for human beings themselves.
Answer
Human activities have disastrous consequences for human beings themselves as human beings have interfered with the natural environment to a great extent. Moreover, human activities are generally responsible for causing many hybrid disasters.
Mismanagement of natural resources is the main cause of natural disasters.
Answer
Mismanagement of natural resources is the main cause of natural disasters as a natural disaster is a disruption in the balance of the environment. Human activities like over exploitation of natural resources can also disrupt the balance of the environment.
All over the world the frequency of disasters is increasing.
Answer
All over the world the frequency of disasters is increasing as a result of degradation of environment and changing climate patterns.