(A) The threat of Socialism and Communism created conditions conducive to the growth of Fascism in Italy.

(R) People demanded powerful leadership to put to an end lawlessness and insecurity created by the communists.

1. (R) contradicts (A)
2. (A) is the reason for (R)
3. (A) is true but (R) is false
4. (A) and (R) are independent of each other.

(A) Emperor Victor Emmanuel III invited Mussolini to form a new government in Italy in October 1922.

(R) The victory of Fascism in Italy was the result of a popular uprising.

1. (R) contradicts (A)
2. (R) is the reason for (A)
3. (A) is true but (R) is false
4. (A) and (R) are independent of each other.

(A) Hitler formed the first Nazi government in Germany in January 1933.

(R) The rise of the Nazi Party in Germany was facilitated by the absence of any strong opposition party.

1. (R) contradicts (A)
2. (R) is the reason for (A)
3. (A) is true but (R) is false
4. (A) and (R) are independent of each other.

(A) Hitler believed in the doctrine of racial supremacy and Germans as the master race.

(R) All anti-Nazi books and magazines were consigned to flames.

1. (R) contradicts (A)
2. (A) is the reason for (R)
3. (A) is true but (R) is false
4. (A) and (R) are independent of each other.