(a) What are soaps and detergents?

(b) Why do they differ in their actions ?

(c) Explain their cleansing actions.

Compare the effect of soap and detergent on hard water.

Complete the following table and write your observations.

A series of experiments were performed as shown below to prepare certain gases in the laboratory.

(i) Name the gas A. What do you observe when gas A is passed through AgNO₃ solution ?

(ii) Name the gas B. What test will you perform to identify gas B.

(iii) What is the similarity between gas B and gas C ?

(iv) Give a test to distinguish between gases B and C.

(v) In experiment IV, gas D is :

P — HCl
Q — Cl₂
R — O₂

1. Only P
2. Only Q
3. Only R
4. Both P and Q

(vi) Write the equations for when gas B and gas C are separately passed in lime water first in little quantities and then in excess.

(vii) When a rod dipped in ammonium hydroxide solution is brought near gas …………… dense white fumes are seen.

P — Gas A
Q — Gas B
R — Gas D

1. Only P
2. Only Q
3. Only R
4. Both P and R