History & Civics
The High Courts and Subordinate Courts are part of the integrated judicial system. With reference to the statement, answer the following questions:
(i) Mention three cases which fall under the Original Jurisdiction of the High Court.
(ii) Who appoints the High Court Judges? Mention any two qualifications required for a person to be appointed as a High Court Judge.
(iii) (a) How do Lok Adalats help the Superior Courts?
(b) Name any three writs issued by the High Court.
Answer
(i) High Courts have original jurisdiction, that is, the power to hear and decide cases at the first instance. It has original jurisdiction in the following cases:
- Matters relating to State revenue and its collection.
- Cases regarding wills, divorce, marriage, company law and contempt of court may be referred or brought before the High Court directly.
- To interpret the Constitution.
(ii) The President appoints the High Court Judges in consultation with the Chief Justice of India, the Governor of the State and the Chief Justice of the High Court.
According to the Constitution, a person shall be qualified for appointment as a Judge of a High Court under the following conditions:
- He should be a citizen of India.
- He should not be over 62 years.
- He has held a judicial office in the territory of India for at least ten years or he has been an advocate of a High Court for at least ten years.
(iii) (a) The Lok Adalats reduce the workload of other courts enabling them to deal with more serious matters. This reduces delays in higher courts. They provide fast and inexpensive justice and helps in reducing the huge backlog of the higher courts.
(b) Three writs issued by the High Court are:
- Habeas Corpus
- Mandamus
- Prohibition.
Related Questions
India has a parliamentary system of governance. With reference to the Indian Parliament, answer the following questions:
(i) State any three ways in which the legislature controls the executive.
(ii) How and by whom is the Speaker of the Lok Sabha elected?
(iii) Mention any four financial powers of the Parliament.
The President of India works on the advice of the Prime Minister and his Cabinet. With reference to the Prime Minister, answer the following questions:
(i) Mention any three qualifications required for a person to be elected as the President of India.
(ii) Mention any three types of emergencies that can be declared by the President.
(iii) Mention any four legislative powers of the President.
Read the excerpt given below and answer the questions that follow:
The Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Indian Mutiny, the Sepoy Mutiny, or the First War of Indian Independence, was a widespread uprising against British rule in India that began in May 1857. The rebellion was sparked by the sepoys' mutiny in Meerut on May 10, 1857, and quickly spread to other parts of India. On May 10, 1857, Indian soldiers, known as sepoys, rebelled against their British officers in the town of Meerut, triggering a rebellion. The rebellion quickly spread to other parts of India with many Indian princes and soldiers joining the uprising.
— [Edited] TIMESOFINDIA.COM / May 10, 2023
(i) What was the immediate cause for the rebellion?
(ii) Mention any three political causes of the Revolt.
(iii) Mention any four changes made in the army after the Revolt.
The First War of Independence led to the growth of Nationalism in India. With reference to this, answer the following questions:
(i) Who was the founder of Congress? Mention any two organisations which were precursors to the Congress.
(ii) Mention any three objectives of the Congress.
(iii) Mention any two contributions each of:
(a) Jyotiba Phule
(b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy