History & Civics
India was partitioned in August, 1947. In this context, discuss the following causes of the partition :
(a) Failure of the Interim Government.
(b) The communal riots.
India Independence
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Answer
(a) The Interim Government was formed in September 1946 with leaders from both the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League. The reasons for its failure are given below:
- The Congress and the League had fundamental ideological differences, which led to constant disputes over policies and functioning.
- The League, under Muhammad Ali Jinnah, participated in the Interim Government only to obstruct and weaken it. They refused to cooperate on key issues, especially regarding national unity.
- This lack of cooperation created an atmosphere of mistrust and convinced both the British and Congress leaders that partition might be the only solution.
(b) The Muslim League fixed August 16, 1946 as the day for observing the Direct Action Day throughout India. This day resulted in widespread communal riots, particularly in Calcutta, and significantly worsened Hindu-Muslim relations. The violence, instigated by the Muslim League's call for a separate Muslim homeland, led to a large number of deaths and injuries and intensified the demand for the partition of India. It also accelerated the British plan for India's independence and partition.
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