Look at the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Which country was responsible for the bombing? Mention any two consequences of the World War associated with this incident.

(ii) Explain the Policy of Appeasement which led to the Second World War.

(iii) The unfair Treaty of Versailles led to the rise of dictatorship in Germany. Mention any four clauses of this treaty to support this statement.

(i) Japan was responsible for the ariel attacks on the Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Two consequences associated with this incident are:

1. The USA joined the war to halt Japanese advance. They wanted to liberate the islands in the South West Pacific.
2. The USA dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 to make Japan surrender. This caused mass destruction of life and property in Japan.

(ii) Appeasement meant accepting the hostile demands of an aggressive nation to gain peace.

1. Britain and France followed the policy of appeasement towards dictatorial countries like Germany and Italy because they felt that the dictators had a real cause of grievance due to the humiliating terms of the Treaty of Versailles and if their grievances were removed they would not disturb world peace.
2. Further, they wanted to check the rising tide of Communism and Russian Bolshevism.
3. Britain and France feared that Germany would divert towards Russian Bolshevism.
4. They, therefore, allowed Germany to rearm and to re-militarise the Rhineland and capture Austria and Czechoslovakia.
5. So without the Western countries' policy of appeasement, Fascism or Nazism could not have survived so long and would not have been able to unleash the Second World War.

(iii) The unfair Treaty of Versailles led to the rise of dictatorship in Germany. Four clauses of the Treaty of Versailles are:

1. Germany was declared guilty of aggression and had to pay war reparation of 33 billion dollars.
2. The Saar coal mines were given to France for 15 years and the area was to be governed by the League of Nations.
3. The area of the Rhine valley was demilitarized and the German territory west of Rhine was to be occupied by the Allied troops for 15 years.
4. The German Army was restricted to a force of 1,00,000 soldiers and the Navy was limited to 15,000 men and 24 ships. The Air Force and submarines were banned.