Physics

A mechanic applies a force of 100 N at the end of a spanner to tighten a bolt. The length of the spanner is 0.5 metres. How much torque is exerted on the bolt? If the mechanic increases the force applied by 20% but holds the spanner closer at 0.4 metres, would it result in an increase or decrease of torque?

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In first case,

F₁ = 100 N

r₁ = 0.5 m

Torque 1 = r₁ x F₁ = 0.5 x 100 = 50 Nm

∴ Torque exerted on the bolt = 50 Nm

In second case,

F₂ = F₁ + 20% x F₁ = F₁ + 0.2 x F₁ = 1.2 F₁ = 1.2 x 100 = 120 N

r₂ = 0.4 m

Torque 2 = r₂ x F₂ = 0.4 x 120 = 48 Nm

Here, Torque 1 > Torque 2

Torque 1 - Torque 2 = 50 Nm - 48 Nm = 2 Nm

∴ The torque will decrease by 2 Nm

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