Mention the two main differences between the Fascist and Nazi ideologies and programme.
A Guide: Fascist theory of Corporate State and Nazi Germany's Racialist theory.

The two main differences between the Fascist and Nazi ideologies and programme were-

Economical Differences —

Fascist Economy

1. In Italy the workers and employers had their separate Syndicates.
2. These were linked together by 22 National Corporations in which both workers and employers had equal representation.
3. Each Corporation had its managing body — the Council.
4. These Councils sitting together constituted the National Council of Corporations.
5. The Central Committee of the National Council included all the Fascist Ministers.
6. Mussolini himself was the head of the Ministry of Corporations.
7. The National Corporations were supposed to make rules regarding wages, hours and conditions of work.
8. This theory emphasised the importance of groups rather than individuals.
9. In fact, however, the theory of Corporate State became a means through which Mussolini could exercise control over the Italian economy.

Nazi Germany's Economy

1. In Nazi Germany big industrial houses were allowed to continue, but they were brought under control of the State.
2. Wages and prices of all commodities were fixed.
3. Neither factory-owners could declare lock-outs i.e., close their factories, nor workers could go on strike.

Differences in ideology —

Racialism was not an Essential Part of the Fascist Ideology

1. In Italy the Jews held important posts in the Fascist Party from the beginning.
2. Later Mussolini also adopted a policy of 'race hatred' under Nazi influence.
3. But the core of Fascist ideology was never a set of racial theories.
4. Fascism was essentially an extreme form of Nationalism.
5. Nazism, on the other hand, was built largely on the basis of Racialism.

Hitler's Racialist Policies and Hatred for the Jews

1. Hitler said that Germany's defeat in the War (1914-1918) was due to the fact that the Jews and the Communists betrayed their country.
2. Germany could never become strong and great unless and until the non-German elements, especially the Jews were eliminated.
3. The Nazis believed that the Germans (or the Aryans) were a 'Master Race.'
4. They, were, therefore, on the road to 'World Domination'.
5. The Jews were seen as 'fundamentally evil'.
6. Hitler's attempts to kill European Jews resulted in the death of some six million Jews.
7. People all over the world were shocked by such barbarous and inhuman atrocities.