Methanol and ethanol belong to the same homologous series. What does this statement mean?

1. Their molecules contain atoms only of carbon and hydrogen.
2. Their molecules have the same number of carbon atoms.
3. They have the same functional group.
4. They have the same relative molecular mass.

The ratio between the volumes occupied by 22 grams of carbon dioxide and 10 grams of hydrogen gas is:

1. 2.2:1
2. 1:2.2
3. 1:10
4. 10:1

Electroplating steel objects with silver involves a three-step process.

Step 1 — A coating of copper is applied to the object.

Step 2 — A coating of nickel is applied to the object.

Step 3 — The coating of silver is applied to the object.

(a) A diagram of the apparatus used for step 1 is shown.

1. The chemical process taking place on the surface of the object is
   Cu²⁺(aq) + 2e^- ⟶ Cu (s)
   What is the observation seen on the surface of the object?

2. Explain why the concentration of copper ions in the electrolyte remains constant throughout step 1.

(b) Give two changes which would be needed in order to coat nickel onto the object in step 2.

(c) Write down the reaction taking place at the positive electrode during step 3.

Identify the following:

(a) A bond formed between two atoms by sharing of a pair of electrons, with both electrons being provided by the same atom.

(b) A salt formed by the complete neutralization of an acid by a base.

(c) A reaction in which the hydrogen of an alkane is replaced by a halogen.

(d) The energy required to remove an electron from a neutral gaseous atom.

(e) A homogenous mixture of two or more metals or a metal and a non-metal in a definite proportion in their molten state.