Answer the following questions
Question 1(a)
Which is the largest mineral-based industry in India? Why is it called the backbone of all industries?
Answer
Iron and Steel industry is the largest mineral-based industry in India.
It is called the backbone of all industries because it provides raw material for making industrial machinery, electrical machinery, defence equipment, railway tracks, railway engines, bridges, dams, shops, automobiles, houses and a host of other industrial and consumer goods.
Question 1(b)
What is an integrated steel plant? Give one example.
Answer
An integrated steel plant is the one in which all the processes from providing raw materials, basic fuels, water supply, etc., to the conversion of steel, rolling, etc., are all done at one place.
For example- Bhilai Iron and Steel Plant, Bhilai.
Question 1(c)
State any three factors which affect the location of an integrated steel plant.
Answer
Three factors which affect the location of an integrated steel plant are-
- Availability of raw material — Usually the integrated iron and steel plants are located near the source of raw material.
- Power supply — Adequate power supply facilities are important for working with various machines.
- Labour force — Availability of cheap labour force is also important.
Question 1(d)
(i) How is it advantageous for a mini steel plant to use electric furnaces?
(ii) How is it advantageous for a mini steel plant to be located far from the source of the raw material?
Answer
(i) It is advantageous for a mini steel plant to use electric furnaces because of the following reasons-
- Dependency on electric power does not cause pollution.
- It conserves coking coal.
- Less capital investment is required.
(ii) It is advantageous for a mini steel plant to be located far from the source of the raw material because of the following reasons-
- Mini steel plants can be distributed all over the country and cater to the demands of the local market.
- They reduce pressure on the large integrated steel plants.
- They use scrap iron as raw material which is easily available and is comparatively cheap.
Question 2(a)
Name two major steel plants in the Public Sector. Name one steel plant that was set up with Russian collaboration.
Answer
Two major steel plants in the Public Sector are-
- Visakhapatnam Steel Plant, Andhra Pradesh
- Rourkela Steel Plant, Odisha
Bhilai Iron and Steel Plant was set up with Russian collaboration.
Question 2(b)
What are mini steel plants?
Answer
Mini Steel plants generally use ferrous scrap, pig iron or sponge iron as their raw material. They work through electric furnaces and have a capacity from 10,000 tonnes to about 5 lakh tonnes per year.
Their period of construction and gestation is also short. They are distributed in different parts of the country particularly in areas away from the integrated steel plants.
Question 2(c)
Mention three factors which have helped Jamshedpur to develop into India's major centre of steel production.
Answer
Three factors which have helped Jamshedpur to develop into India's major centre of steel production are-
Proximity to raw material — Jamshedpur is located close to -
- the iron ore deposits in Gurumahisani mines in Mayurbhanj district, Odisha and Noamundi mines in Singhbhum district, Jharkhand
- manganese deposits from Joda in Keonjhar district
- limestone, dolomite and fire clay from Sundargarh district, Odisha
- coal deposits in Jhari and Bokaro coalfields
Cheap Labour — Labour is employed from the densely populated valley of Ganga, mostly from the states of Bihar, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chattisgarh and Uttar Pradesh.
Transport Facilities — Jamshedpur is well connected with roads and railways to the other parts of the country. Transport is facilitated by the Eastern Railways. It is also connected with the Kolkata port for exporting of finished steel.
Question 2(d)
Name the steel plant located in Andhra Pradesh. What two advantages this steel plant have over the other steel plants in the public sector?
Answer
Visakhapatnam Steel plant is located in Andhra Pradesh.
Two advantages this steel plant has over the other steel plants in the public sector are-
- Visakhapatnam Steel Plant is a modern integrated steel plant with the latest technology and some of the largest units.
- Visakhapatnam’s modern protected harbour and deep land locked port facilitates import of raw materials and export of finished goods.
Question 3(a)
What are petrochemicals?
Answer
Petrochemicals are important organic chemicals derived from petroleum products, LPG and coal.
Question 3(b)
Why are traditional raw materials being replaced by petrochemical products?
or
Why are petrochemical products growing in popularity?
Answer
Petrochemicals are cost effective, economically stable, cheaper as they are produced on a mass scale. Its raw material is easily available, not dependent on agricultural raw material as in the case of jute. Therefore, raw materials like wood, glass and metals are being replaced by petrochemical products.
Question 3(c)
(i) Name any two products made from petrochemicals.
(ii) Why is a petrochemical industry usually located near an oil refinery?
Answer
(i) Two products made from petrochemicals are-
- Plastic sheets
- Resins and adhesives for industries
(ii) A petrochemical industry is usually located near an oil refinery which can supply its basic requirements of Naphtha or Ethylene and Benzene.
Question 3(d)
The electronic industry has made an impact on both media and education. Give reasons to support your answer.
Answer
Electronic industry, with mass scale integration process, has produced computers, servers, displays, televisions and cameras, telephones etc. These devices help to capture and broadcast news, advertisements, cinema, educational programs etc., to a large section of the population over the country and overseas, thus changing the life style of the Indian masses.
Various new technologies like smart boards, projectors, video clips, pictures etc., are used to make learning easy and fun for the students. Further, in this Corona crisis, online classes provided to the students by the use of various online applications have helped the students to continue their education from home.
Thus, the electronic industry has made an impact on both media and education.
Question 4(a)
Name two industrial towns which are connected with the production of iron and steel.
Answer
Two industrial towns which are connected with the production of iron and steel are-
- Visakhapatnam
- Jamshedpur
Question 4(b)
Mini steel plants cause less pollution than integrated steel plants. Give reasons.
Answer
Mini steel plants cause less pollution than integrated steel plants because mini steel plants use electric furnaces while the integrated steel plants use coal to melt iron ore.
Question 4(c)
State the difficulties experienced by the iron and steel industry in India.
Answer
The difficulties experienced by the iron and steel industry in India are-
- Capital intensive — Huge amount of capital is required by the iron and steel industry and the plants have a long gestation period.
- Obsolete technology — The machinery being used in the iron and steel plants is outdated.
- Limited availability of Coking coal — The coal reserves of India are limited. Many steel plants import coking coal.
- Sick industrial units — Due to inadequate supply of power and sharp increase in the cost of raw material, many steel plants are experiencing sickness or have been closed down.
- Control of Prices — The government has fixed the price for iron and steel which leaves little margin of profit for the manufacturers.
- Inefficiently managed public sector — Many public sector plants are facing strikes, lockouts, energy crisis caused by heavy investment on social overheads, poor labour relations, inefficient management and underutilisation of capacity.
- Heavy demand — To meet the increasing demand, large quantity of iron and steel has to be imported.
Question 4(d)
Give three reasons why the iron and steel industry is concentrated largely in the Chota Nagpur belt.
Answer
The iron and steel industry is concentrated largely in the Chota Nagpur belt because of the following reasons-
- Iron and steel industry requires iron ore, coal, limestone and manganese which are available in close proximity.
- Cheap labour is available to the industries from the states of West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha and Chhattisgarh.
- Good network of roads and railway facilitates the movement of raw materials to iron and steel plants.