Babur, a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan, founded the Mughal Empire after defeating Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat (1526). His campaigns in Khanwa, Chanderi, and Ghagra secured his rule in North India. Babur's legacy extends beyond conquest, as seen in his autobiography, Tuzuk-i-Baburi. With reference to this, answer the following questions:

(a) Compare the significance of the First Battle of Panipat with the Battle of Khanwa in Babur's establishment of the Mughal Empire.

(b) How do Babur's conquests reflect his military strategies and ability to deal with diverse opponents like Afghans, Rajputs, and regional rulers?

(c) Discuss how Babur's interests in literature, poetry, and nature contributed to shaping his legacy beyond his military achievements.

(a) The First Battle of Panipat (1526) was significant as Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi, proclaimed himself Emperor of Delhi and Agra, and laid the foundation of Mughal rule in India. The Battle of Khanwa (1527) against Rana Sanga further strengthened Babur’s position, as his victory over the Rajputs helped him consolidate power in North India.

(b) Babur’s campaigns in Panipat, Khanwa, Chanderi, and Ghagra show his ability to defeat Afghans, Rajputs, and other regional rulers. These victories highlight his effective military strategies in handling diverse and powerful opponents, enabling him to secure Mughal control over North India.

(c) Babur’s legacy went beyond warfare, as seen in his autobiography, the Tuzuk-i-Baburi, where he expressed his love for literature, poetry, and nature. These interests portrayed him as a cultured ruler, shaping his image not only as a conqueror but also as a refined and sensitive personality.