There were constant conflicts between the rulers of the mahajanapadas and finally, the kingdom of Magadha developed as the most powerful among them. In this context, answer the following questions:

1. What were mahajanapadas? How many were there?
2. Where is Magadha situated?
3. Why did Magadha become most powerful?

1. Mahajanapadas were large territorial states that emerged from the janapadas around 600 BCE as tribes (janas) settled and expanded. Buddhist and Jaina texts mention sixteen such mahajanapadas.

2. Magadha roughly corresponds to the present day Patna and Gaya districts in Bihar.

3. Magadha developed as the most powerful amongst all mahajanapadas due to the following reasons:

   1. Magadha was a reservoir of rich natural resources.
   2. The fertile soil of the plains allowed for cultivation of surplus crops.
   3. Iron ore found in the plateau region could be used to make weapons and tools.
   4. Rajagriha, the earlier capital of Magadha enjoyed natural protection from invaders as it was surrounded by five hills.
   5. The mighty Ganga flowed through the kingdom of Magadha. It helped to facilitate communication and the carrying of goods from one place to another.
   6. Magadha was also ruled by ambitious kings who fought wars to expand and strengthen their kingdom.