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Chemistry

Differentiate between

(i) Electrolytes and Non-electrolytes

(ii) Strong and Weak electrolytes

(iii) Anode and Cathode

(iv) Electrolytic dissociation and ionization with suitable examples.

Electrolysis

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Answer

(i) Differences between Electrolytes and Non-electrolytes are:

ElectrolytesNon-electrolytes
Chemical compound which conduct electricity in the fused or in aqueous solution state and undergo chemical decomposition due to the flow of current through it.Chemical compound which do not conduct electricity in the fused or aqueous solution state and do not undergo chemical decomposition due to the flow of current through it.
Electrolytes are ionic compoundsNon-electrolytes are covalent compounds
Particles in Electrolytes – ions only or Ions and molecules onlyParticles in non-electrolytes – Molecules only
Examples :
Acids — dil. HCl, HNO3 H2SO4.
Alkalis — KOH, NaOH solutions.
Ionic salts — PbBr2 [molten], CuSO4 [aq.]		Examples :
Pure or distilled water, Alcohol, Kerosene, Carbon disulphide, liquid carbon tetrachloride, sucrose, glucose, sugar solution.

(ii) Differences between Strong and Weak electrolytes are:

Strong electrolytesWeak electrolytes
They are electrolytes which allow a large amount of electricity to flow through them and hence are good conductors of electricity.They are electrolytes which allow small amount of electricity to flow through them and hence are poor conductors of electricity.
They are almost completely dissociated in fused or aqueous solution state.They are partially dissociated in fused or aqueous soln. state.
Particles in strong electrolytes are mainly ions onlyParticles in weak electrolytes are ions and unionized molecules.
Examples :
Generally all strong acids and bases and most salts of strong acids.
Acids: dil. HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, HBr, HI.
Bases : NaOH, KOH, LiOH soln.
Salts: NaCl, NaNO3, Na2SO4, CuCl2		Examples :
Generally all weak acids and bases and most salts of weak acids.
Acids: Carbonic, Acetic, Oxalic, Formic.
Bases: NH4OH, Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH)2.
Salts: Sodium carbonate, bicarbonate, oxalate and formate aq. soln.

(iii) Differences between Anode and Cathode are:

AnodeCathode
It is the electrode connected to the positive terminal of the batteryIt is the electrode connected to the negative terminal of the battery.
Anions migrate to anodeCations migrate to cathode.
The anions donate excess electrons to the anode and they are oxidised to neutral atoms. Hence, Anode is the Oxidising Electrode.The cations gain excess electrons from the cathode and they are reduced to neutral atoms. Hence, Cathode is the Reducing Electrode.

(iv) Differences between Electrolytic dissociation and ionization are:

Electrolytic DissociationIonization
It is a process which takes place in electrovalent compoundsIt is a process which takes place in covalent compounds.
It involves separation of ions which are already present in an ionic compounds.It involves formation of charged ions from molecules which are not in the ionic state.
PbBr2 (ionic) ⇌ Pb2+ + 2Br1-HCl [aq.] (covalent) ⇌ H1+ + Cl1-.
Ionization may also involve atoms changing into ions [e.g. Mg ⟶ Mg2+ + 2e-]

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