Discuss UTF-8 encoding scheme. How is it different from UTF-32 encoding scheme?

UTF-8 is a variable-width encoding that can represent every character in the Unicode character set. The code unit of UTF-8 is 8 bits (an octet). It uses 1 to 4 octets to represent code points, depending on their size. For example, it uses 1 byte for ASCII characters and up to 4 bytes for others. This makes UTF-8 a multi-byte encoding that efficiently handles different character sets.

UTF-32, in contrast, is a fixed-length encoding scheme that always uses exactly 4 bytes (32 bits) to represent all Unicode code points, regardless of their size, making it less space-efficient than UTF-8.