History & Civics
Explain the following basic features of the Indian Constitution:
(a) Single Citizenship.
(b) Universal Adult Franchise.
(c) Fundamental Rights.
Constitution
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Answer
(a) Single Citizenship — The Indian Constitution provides for a Single Citizenship. This means that all Indians irrespective of the state of their domicile are the citizens of India. A person born in Punjab or Kerala can only be a citizen of India and not a citizen of the State of their domicile as well. This has been done to ward off separatist tendencies and promote fraternity and unity among the people.
(b) Universal Adult Franchise — This means that all persons of 18 years of age and above have the right to vote irrespective of their caste, colour, religion, etc. The constitution of independent India replaced the British era communal electorate with joint electorate. According to this system, resident voters of a constituency have to vote for the same candidate irrespective of caste or creed.
(c) Fundamental Rights — The Fundamental Rights are given in Part-III of the constitution. They are basic human rights, which provide the conditions essential for the all-round development of a human being. They protect people against unjust discrimination among members of the community and give recognition to dignity and equality of all human beings. The Indian Constitution provides 7 Fundamental Rights to the citizens of India:
- Right to Equality
- Right to Freedom
- Right Against Exploitation
- Right to Freedom of Religion
- Cultural and Educational Rights
- Right to Constitutional Remedies
- Right to Education
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Related Questions
By which Act of the Parliament were the Fundamental Duties included in the Constitution? Mention the Fundamental Duty which has been added by the Constitution (86th Amendment) Act, 2002 which is an offshoot of the Right to Education.
To whom can the citizens of India file an application if they wish to seek any information from the government authorities?
With reference to the Fundamental Rights answer the following:
(a) Why are the Fundamental Rights so called?
(b) State their three characteristic features.
(c) Briefly explain the components of the Right to Equality.
With reference to inclusion of Right to Freedom in the Indian Constitution, state the following:
(a) State any three freedoms given under Article 19.
(b) What do these freedoms imply?
(c) Explain the restrictions imposed on these rights.