Explain the following, giving examples.

(a) Saturated solution

(b) Pure substance

(c) Colloid

(d) Suspension

(a) Saturated solution — A saturated solution is one which cannot dissolve more of the solute at a given temperature.

Example: Excess carbon leaves off as bubbles from a carbonated water solution saturated with carbon.

(b) Pure substance — A substance is said to be pure when it comprises of only one kind of molecules or atoms.

Example: Sulphur, diamonds etc.

(c) Colloid — A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture in which the size of solute particles is intermediate between true solution and suspension and it shows tyndall effect.

Examples: Soap solution, starch solution, milk.

(d) Suspension — It is a heterogeneous mixture in which the small particles of a solid are spread throughout a liquid without dissolving in it. Particles of a suspension are visible to the naked eye.

Examples: Chalk water mixture, muddy water etc.