Chemistry
For each substance listed below, explain it's significance in the extraction of aluminium:
(a) Bauxite
(b) Sodium hydroxide
(c) Cryolite
(d) Graphite
Metallurgy
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Answer
(a) Bauxite — Main ore from which aluminium is extracted. It contains 60% Al2O3
(b) Sodium hydroxide — Sodium hydroxide is used in the purification of bauxite ore by converting it into alumina. It acts as an effective solvent for the aluminum oxide in bauxite and helps to remove impurities like ferric oxide, sand, etc. which are collectively called as red mud.
(c) Cryolite — Lowers the fusion temperature from 2050°C to 950°C. and enhances conductivity.
(d) Graphite — Thick Graphite rods attached to copper clamps dipping into fused electrolyte are used as anode.
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