Give reaction of acids with

(a) chlorides

(b) nitrates

State the conditions under which they react.

(a) Chlorides do not react with dilute acids. They react with concentrated sulphuric acid on warming to liberate hydrogen chloride.

$\text{NaCl} + \text{H}$2\text{SO}4 [\text{conc.}] \xrightarrow{\lt 200 \degree\text{C}}\text{NaHSO}_4 + \text{HCl}

$2\text{NaCl} + \text{H}$2\text{SO}4 [\text{conc.}] \xrightarrow{\gt 200 \degree\text{C}}\text{Na}2\text{SO}4 + 2\text{HCl}

(b) Nitrates do not react with dilute acids. When heated with conc. sulphuric acid they produce more volatile nitric acid.

$\text{KNO}$3 + \text{H}2\text{SO}4 [\text{conc.}] \xrightarrow{\lt 200 \degree\text{C}}\text{KHSO}4 + \text{HNO}_3

$2\text{KNO}$3 + \text{H}2\text{SO}4 [\text{conc.}] \xrightarrow{\gt 200 \degree\text{C}}\text{K}2\text{SO}4 + 2\text{HNO}3