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Mathematics

If A = [1234], B =[2142] and C =[5174],\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 \ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix}, \text{ B } = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 1 \ 4 & 2 \end{bmatrix} \text{ and C } = \begin{bmatrix} 5 & 1 \ 7 & 4 \end{bmatrix}, compute

(i)   A(B + C)

(ii)  (B + C)A

Matrices

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Answer

(i) A(B + C)

B + C =[2142]+[5174]=[2+51+14+72+4]=[72116] A(B + C) =[1234][72116]=[1×7+2×111×2+2×63×7+4×113×2+4×6]=[7+222+1221+446+24]=[29146530].\text{B + C } = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 1 \ 4 & 2 \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} 5 & 1 \ 7 & 4 \end{bmatrix} \\[1em] = \begin{bmatrix} 2 + 5 & 1 + 1 \ 4 + 7 & 2 + 4 \end{bmatrix} \\[1em] = \begin{bmatrix} 7 & 2 \ 11 & 6 \end{bmatrix} \\[1em] \therefore \text{ A(B + C) } = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 \ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 7 & 2 \ 11 & 6 \end{bmatrix} \\[1em] = \begin{bmatrix} 1 \times 7 + 2 \times 11 & 1 \times 2 + 2 \times 6 \ 3 \times 7 + 4 \times 11 & 3 \times 2 + 4 \times 6 \end{bmatrix} \\[1em] = \begin{bmatrix} 7 + 22 & 2 + 12 \ 21 + 44 & 6 + 24 \end{bmatrix} \\[1em] = \begin{bmatrix} 29 & 14 \ 65 & 30 \end{bmatrix}. \\[1em]

Hence, the matrix A(B + C) = [29146530].\begin{bmatrix} 29 & 14 \ 65 & 30 \end{bmatrix}.

(ii) (B + C)A

B + C =[2142]+[5174]=[2+51+14+72+4]=[72116](B + C)A =[72116][1234]=[7×1+2×37×2+2×411×1+6×311×2+6×4]=[7+614+811+1822+24]=[13222946].\text{B + C } = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 1 \ 4 & 2 \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix} 5 & 1 \ 7 & 4 \end{bmatrix} \\[1em] = \begin{bmatrix} 2 + 5 & 1 + 1 \ 4 + 7 & 2 + 4 \end{bmatrix} \\[1em] = \begin{bmatrix} 7 & 2 \ 11 & 6 \end{bmatrix} \\[1em] \therefore \text{(B + C)A } = \begin{bmatrix} 7 & 2 \ 11 & 6 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 \ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix} \\[1em] = \begin{bmatrix} 7 \times 1 + 2 \times 3 & 7 \times 2 + 2 \times 4 \ 11 \times 1 + 6 \times 3 & 11 \times 2 + 6 \times 4 \end{bmatrix} \\[1em] = \begin{bmatrix} 7 + 6 & 14 + 8 \ 11 + 18 & 22 + 24 \end{bmatrix} \\[1em] = \begin{bmatrix} 13 & 22 \ 29 & 46 \end{bmatrix}.

Hence, the matrix (B + C)A = [13222946].\begin{bmatrix} 13 & 22 \ 29 & 46 \end{bmatrix}.

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