Geography
India has had a history of famines because of rainfed agriculture and rapid population growth. After the era of the Green Revolution that began in the 1960s, India never experienced a famine-like situation; it did, however, experience a drought of the century in 1987. Northern states (Punjab, Haryana and western UP) with a high level of irrigation are contributing almost all of wheat and two-thirds of rice to the central pool of India.
Source: Hira, G.S., Water Management in Northern States and the Food Security of India, Journal of Crop Improvement.
(a) Mention any two methods of irrigation commonly practised in the Northern Plains of India.
(b) For each method mentioned, state why it is popular here.
Indian Agriculture Introduction
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Answer
(a) Two methods of irrigation commonly practised in the Northern Plains of India are — Tubewell and Canal irrigation.
(b) Tubewell Irrigation — Due to availability of plentiful underground water, Tubewell irrigation is commonly practiced in the Northern Plains of India.
Canal Irrigation — Due to presence of perennial rivers like the Ganga, Yamuna, and their tributaries, the Northern Plains of India have an elaborate system of canals.
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