Parts (i) to (iv) refer to changes in the properties of elements on moving from left to right across a period of the Periodic Table. For each property, choose the correct answer.

(i) The non-metallic character of the elements :

1. decreases,
2. increases,
3. remains the same,
4. depends on the period

(ii) The electronegativity :

1. depends on the number of valence electrons,
2. remains the same,
3. decreases,
4. increases

(iii) The ionization potential :

1. goes up and down
2. decreases
3. increases
4. remains the same

(iv) The atomic size :

1. decreases,
2. increases,
3. remains the same,
4. sometimes increases and sometimes decreases

(i) increases.
Reason — On moving across a period from left to right, nuclear pull increases due to increase in atomic number and thus atomic size decreases. Hence, elements cannot lose electrons easily. Therefore, non-metallic character increases.

(ii) increases.
Reason — On moving across a period from left to right, nuclear charge increases due to an increase in atomic number. Hence, electronegativity increases from left to right in a period.

(iii) increases.
Reason — On moving from left to right across a period, the atomic radius decreases due to increase in the nuclear charge, and thus, more energy is required to remove the electrons. Hence, ionization potential increases from left to right across a period.

(iv) decreases.
Reason — On moving across a period from left to right, nuclear pull increases due to increase in atomic number and thus atomic size decreases.