History & Civics
The President is the nominal head of the executive, the first citizen of the country, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces. With reference to this, answer the following questions:
(i) The President is the nominal head of the country and cannot act independently. Mention any three legislative powers of the President which justifies the nominal position.
(ii) Mention any three financial powers of the President.
(iii) Describe the procedure of impeachment of the President.
President & Vice-President
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Answer
(i) Three legislative powers of the President which justifies his/her nominal position are:
Dissolve the Lok Sabha: He/She can dissolve the Lok Sabha and order fresh elections.
Assent to Bills: Once a Bill is passed by both the Houses, it is sent to the President for his/her approval. The President may give his/her assent, or withhold the Bill or send it back to the House concerned with recommendations. If the same bill is passed again, the President has to give his/her assent.
Promulgate Ordinances: The President can promulgate an Ordinance, which has the same status as an Act of Parliament when:
- Certain circumstances need immediate action.
- Both Houses of Parliament are not in session.
- All Ordinances must be put up before both the Houses for their approval. Ordinances cease to operate after six weeks from the re-assembly of Parliament, unless they are approved by the Houses.
- The Ordinance lapses if it is replaced by an Act of Parliament.
(ii) Three financial powers of the President are:
Money Bills can be introduced only on the recommendation of the President.
The President can authorise withdrawal of advances from the Contingency Fund of India to meet unforeseen expenditure. Such expenditure should be subsequently approved by Parliament.
Every five years, the President appoints a Finance Commission comprising a Chairman and four other members to give recommendations on financial matters.
(iii) PROCEDURE FOR IMPEACHMENT OF THE PRESIDENT
In case of violation of the Constitution or grave misconduct, either House may frame charges against the President as follows:
- Resolution which is moved after at least fourteen days' notice in writing signed by not less than one-fourth of the total number of members of the House; and
- The resolution is passed by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the House.
The other House investigates the charges and the President has the right to appear and to be represented at such an investigation.
If the President is found guilty, a resolution is passed by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the investigating House, and the President is removed from his/her office.
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