The organisation of Subordinate Courts varies from State to State, but the essential features are the same. Describe the organisation of Civil Courts in a District under the following headings:

(a) The Court of the District Judge

(b) Appointment and Qualifications of a District Judge

(a) The Court of the District Judge is the highest Civil Court of the district.

1. In some of the districts Additional District Judges have been appointed to assist the District Judges.
2. There are several civil courts working under the District Judge, such as Court of Subordinate Civil Judge (First Class), the Court of Sub-Judge (also known as a Munsif) and Courts of Small Causes.
3. The District Judge, the Additional District Judge and the Subordinate Civil Judge (First Class) may deal with suits without any limit as to their value.
4. The jurisdiction of the other civil courts depends entirely on the value of the suit.
5. The Courts of Small Causes have jurisdiction in cases where the value of the subject matter is small.
6. From the decree or order of the Small Cause Court, appeal lies to the Court of Sub-Judge or Munsif.
7. Appeals from orders of the Sub-Judge lie to the Court of the Civil Judge (First Class).
8. The appeals from the judgements of the District Courts and the Additional District Courts lie to the High Court.

(b) Appointment — The District Judge and the Additional District Judge are appointed by the Governor in consultation with the High Court.

Qualification — A person to be eligible for appointment as a District Judge or an Additional District Judge should be an advocate or a pleader of seven years' standing or an officer in Judicial Service of the Union or of the State.