Civics
What are the different forms of power sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each of these.
Power Sharing
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Answer
In modern democracies, power sharing takes various forms to ensure a balanced and inclusive system. Here are the different forms of power sharing:
- Horizontal Distribution of Power — This involves sharing power among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive, and judiciary. For example, in India, the Parliament enacts laws (legislature), the executive implements them, and the judiciary checks their functioning.
- Vertical Distribution of Power — Power is shared between different levels of government (central and regional). For example, India has a Union Government (central) and State Governments (regional) that share power.
- Power Sharing Between Different Social Groups — It enhances participation in democratic systems by sharing power among diverse social groups. For example, 'Community Government' in Belgium shows sharing of power between different social groups.
- Power Sharing Between Political Parties, Pressure Groups, and Movements — When two or more parties form an alliance to contest elections, they directly engage in power sharing. If their alliance wins the elections, they form a coalition government, resulting in shared power. For example, National Democratic Alliance (NDA) is an Indian political alliance. Beyond political parties, interest groups (such as industrial workers, farmers, and business associations) also influence those in power.
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Here are some examples of power sharing. Which of the four types of power sharing do these represent? Who is sharing power with whom?
- The Bombay High Court ordered the Maharashtra State Government to immediately take action and improve living conditions for the 2,000-odd children at seven children’s homes in Mumbai.
- The government of Ontario state in Canada has agreed to a land claim settlement with the aboriginal community. The Minister responsible for Native Affairs announced that the government will work with aboriginal people in a spirit of mutual respect and cooperation.
- Russia’s two influential political parties, the Union of Right Forces and the Liberal Yabloko Movement, agreed to unite their organisations into a strong rightwing coalition. They propose to have a common list of candidates in the next parliamentary elections.
- The finance ministers of various states in Nigeria got together and demanded that the federal government declare its sources of income. They also wanted to know the formula by which the revenue is distributed to various State Governments.
State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power sharing with an example from the Indian context.
After reading this chapter, three students drew different conclusions. Which of these do you agree with and why? Give your reasons in about 50 words.
- Thomman - Power sharing is necessary only in societies which have religious, linguistic or ethnic divisions.
- Mathayi – Power sharing is suitable only for big countries that have regional divisions.
- Ouseph – Every society needs some form of power sharing even if it is small or does not have social divisions.