History & Civics
What was the effect of the split between the two wings of the Congress on the National Movement?
2ⁿᵈ Phase of INM
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Answer
The split in the Congress was unfortunate because it gave an opportunity to the British to exploit the situation to their advantage.
- They adopted a policy of 'concession and repression' — concession for the Early Nationalists as well as the Muslims and repression to the Assertive Nationalists.
- The Surat Split weakened the national movement.
- The Early Nationalists, however, were largely able to capture the Congress organisation and in the Allahabad convention, held in April 1908, the split was formalised.
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Related Questions
Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal into two provinces apparently on
- social grounds
- administrative grounds
- caste grounds
- political grounds
Read the two statements given below about the Partition of Bengal and select the option that shows the correct relationship between (A) and (B).
(A) The partition of Bengal "was a mere readjustment of administrative boundaries."
(B) The nationalists believed that the Government did not intend to strike at the roots of Indian nationalism.
- (B) contradicts (A).
- (B) is the reason for (A).
- (A) is true, but (B) is false.
- (A) and (B) are independent of each other.
Read the excerpt given below and answer the question that follows:
Tagore's 'Banglar mati, Banglar jol', and the sentiment of brotherhood and patriotism that it invokes
In 1905, Curzon partitioned Bengal on communal lines which Rabindranath Tagore opposed strongly, and wrote a hymn for communal harmony, brotherhood, and a united Bengali identity. The TMC government has now declared 'Banglar mati, Banglar jol' the state anthem.
The song calls for unity for all Bengalis by invoking the beauty of Bengal - its natural environs, its language, its people, and its soul. This is perhaps best expressed in the final stanza of the song which is loosely translated as:
The soil of Bengal, the water of Bengal; The air of Bengal, the fruit of Bengal; Let them be blessed; Oh my Lord.
[All] Bengalis' life, [all] Bengalis' soul; All brothers and sisters in Bengal's homes, may they be united; Oh my Lord— Indian Express, September 9, 2023
Name another song composed by Rabindranath Tagore during the Anti-partition agitation.
Read the excerpt given below and answer the questions that follow:
Rabindranath Tagore endorsed the Swadeshi movement through his songs and poems. There was a change in his attitude as noted by Sumit Sarkar in his book, Swadeshi Movement in Bengal. He says: "[From] trying in vain to placate the foreign ruler and talking big in a foreign tongue, he (Tagore) urges volunteers to the villages instead, spreading social and political enlightment in the melas and through magic lantern lectures, and, above all to revive our traditional samaj, channelling all constructive work through it once again."
(a) What was the impact of the Anti-Partition Movement?
(b) How did the people react to the Partition of Bengal?
(c) What was Lord Curzon's argument in favour of the Partition of Bengal? How did the nationalists interpret Lord Curzon's motives?