Give two reasons for starting the Swadeshi and the Boycott Movements.

Read the excerpt given below and answer the question that follows:

Tagore's 'Banglar mati, Banglar jol', and the sentiment of brotherhood and patriotism that it invokes

In 1905, Curzon partitioned Bengal on communal lines which Rabindranath Tagore opposed strongly, and wrote a hymn for communal harmony, brotherhood, and a united Bengali identity. The TMC government has now declared 'Banglar mati, Banglar jol' the state anthem.

The song calls for unity for all Bengalis by invoking the beauty of Bengal - its natural environs, its language, its people, and its soul. This is perhaps best expressed in the final stanza of the song which is loosely translated as:

The soil of Bengal, the water of Bengal; The air of Bengal, the fruit of Bengal; Let them be blessed; Oh my Lord.
[All] Bengalis' life, [all] Bengalis' soul; All brothers and sisters in Bengal's homes, may they be united; Oh my Lord

— Indian Express, September 9, 2023

Name another song composed by Rabindranath Tagore during the Anti-partition agitation.

Name any two papers started by Tilak to propagate his faith.

Read the excerpt given below and answer the questions that follow:

Rabindranath Tagore endorsed the Swadeshi movement through his songs and poems. There was a change in his attitude as noted by Sumit Sarkar in his book, Swadeshi Movement in Bengal. He says: "[From] trying in vain to placate the foreign ruler and talking big in a foreign tongue, he (Tagore) urges volunteers to the villages instead, spreading social and political enlightment in the melas and through magic lantern lectures, and, above all to revive our traditional samaj, channelling all constructive work through it once again."

(a) What was the impact of the Anti-Partition Movement?

(b) How did the people react to the Partition of Bengal?

(c) What was Lord Curzon's argument in favour of the Partition of Bengal? How did the nationalists interpret Lord Curzon's motives?