What will be the output of the following code?

Text = "Mind@Work!" 
ln = len(Text)
nText = ""
for i in range(0, ln):
    if Text[i].isupper():
        nText = nText + Text[i].lower()
    elif Text[i].isalpha(): 
        nText = nText + Text[i].upper() 
else: 
    nText = nText + 'A'
print(nText)

mINDwORKA

Working

Below is the detailed step by step explanation of the program:

Initialization

Text = "Mind@Work!"
ln = len(Text)
nText = ""

• Text is initialized with the string "Mind@Work!".
• ln holds the length of Text, which is 10 in this case.
• nText is initialized as an empty string, which will hold the transformed characters.

Loop through each character

for i in range(0, ln):
    if Text[i].isupper():
        nText = nText + Text[i].lower()
    elif Text[i].isalpha(): 
        nText = nText + Text[i].upper()
else: 
    nText = nText + 'A'

• A for loop iterates over each index i from 0 to ln-1 (i.e., 0 to 9).

Conditions within the loop:

1. Text[i].isupper(): Checks if the character at index i in the string Text is an uppercase letter.

• If true, it converts the character to lowercase using Text[i].lower() and appends it to nText.

1. elif Text[i].isalpha(): Checks if the character at index i in the string Text is an alphabetic letter (either uppercase or lowercase).

• If the character is alphabetic but not uppercase, it converts the character to uppercase using Text[i].upper() and appends it to nText.

else statement of loop:

• The else statement in this context is associated with the for loop, meaning it executes after the loop has completed iterating over all the indices.
• nText = nText + 'A' appends the character 'A' to the end of nText.

Printing the result

print(nText)

• This line prints the final value of nText.

Step-by-Step Execution

1. Initial States:

• Text = "Mind@Work!"
• ln = 10
• nText = ""

2. Loop Iterations:

3. Post Loop Execution:

• The loop is complete, so the else statement appends 'A' to nText.
• nText = "mINDwORK" + "A" = "mINDwORKA"

4. Print Output:

• print(nText) outputs "mINDwORKA".