History & Civics
With reference to the Industrial Revolution in England, state the role of the following factors:
(a) Availability of Raw material.
(b) Transport System.
(c) Growth of population.
Industrial Revolution
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Answer
(a) Availability of Raw material — England had a large colonial empire. From her colonies she could get raw material at cheaper rates for her factories. These colonies also served as markets for the British manufactured goods.
(b) Transport System — The use of tarcoal and tar enabled the construction of roads in many European countries. Steamboats and steamships were used extensively. George Stephenson designed his first locomotive engine, which was used for hauling coal in the Killingworth colliery. This brought about a revolution in transport. James Watt invented the steam engine. The discovery of steam as a source of power, facilitated the industrial revolution as it was used for transport both on land and sea.
(c) Growth of population — The population was growing rapidly with developing science and technology as death rate had declined. This created a huge demand of goods like clothes, food etc. In other words we can say that the increasing population served as huge market for the ready products. The rural population had risen sharply as new sources of food became available, and the death rates declined due to fewer plagues and wars. At the same time, many small farms disappeared. Thus, people from the rural areas migrated to the urban areas for employment, education, cultural benefits, better freedom and enjoyment.
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