With reference to the pictures given alongside, answer the following:

(a) Name the Bhakti Saints given in the pictures. Where were they born?

(b) How did the Sufi and the Bhakti movements foster the growth of Indo-Islamic culture?

(c) Mention any two teachings of each of these two saints.

(a) The Bhakti Saints given in the pictures are Kabir and Guru Nanak. Kabir was born in Benaras (Varanasi) and Guru Nanak was born in Talvandi (now known as Nankana Sahib), in the state of Punjab (Pakistan).

(b) A number of sufi and bhakti saints emphasised the essential unity of Islam and Hinduism. They laid stress on a religion based on love and devotion rather than one based on rituals. Thus, they created an atmosphere in which liberal sentiments and views could grow and religious narrowness was shunned. In these ways, the Sufi and the Bhakti movements played an important role in fostering growth of Indo-Islamic culture.

(c) The two teachings of Kabir were:

1. There is only one God. He may be worshipped under many names.
2. Devotion to God and good actions are the only means of salvation.

The two teachings of Guru Nanak were:

1. He preached unity of God and unity of Mankind.
2. He advocated devotion to God in place of ritualism.