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History & Civics

With reference to the sources of information about the Harappan Civilisation, answer the following:

(a) Three significant features of the Great Bath.

(b) Social classification of Harappans as pointed out by the citadel.

(c) Religion of the Harappans as depicted by the Seals.

Harappan Civilisation

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Answer

(a) Three significant features of the Great Bath are:

  1. It is one of the largest public buildings at Mohenjo-daro having a large rectangular tank in a courtyard surrounded by a corridor on all four sides. There are two flights of steps one in the north and the other in the south leading into the tank.
  2. To make the pool watertight, burnt bricks and mortar lined with bitumen and gypsum were used for construction.
  3. The design of the Great Bath portrays the efficient planning in the structural features relating to water supply and sewage disposal.

(b) The citadel was the raised area of city. It had houses of ruling class and important buildings like the Great Bath, the assembly hall, the granary and the workshops. The presence of specific buildings and houses of the ruling class indicate some sort of social classification.

(c) Harappan seals provide useful information about the religion and beliefs of the Harappans. Seals of Pashupati show that people believed in Shiva. It shows a three-faced deity wearing a buffalo-horned head dress, seated cross-legged on a throne and surrounded by an elephant, a tiger, a buffalo and a rhinoceros, with two deer at his feet. This diety has been identified as Pashupati Mahadeva.

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