History & Civics
Identify the person in the picture and mention his contribution to India's freedom struggle under the following heads:
(a) His views about the nature of British imperialism.
(b) His achievement in strengthening Indian nationalism.
(c) His views on the cause of poverty in India.
1ˢᵗ Phase of INM
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Answer
The person shown in the picture is Dadabhai Naoroji.
(a) As an economic thinker, Dadabhai Naoroji came to the conclusion that the root cause for the economic ills of India was the exploitation of India by the British.
- He understood that the British were exploiting the resources of India for their own benefit.
- He founded the Bombay Association and edited the newspaper Rast Goftar.
- He started a magazine 'Dharma Marg Darshak' in which he criticised the unjust policies of the British.
- He started movements against Vernacular Press Act and the atrocious treatment of poor peasants by zamindars.
(b) Dadabhai Naoroji played a significant role in strengthening Indian nationalism. His role in the Congress was praiseworthy.
- He took an active part in the foundation of the Indian National Congress and was elected its President thrice, in 1886, 1893 and 1906 respectively.
- Resolutions on Self-government, Boycott, Swadeshi and National Education were passed by the Congress under his Presidentship.
- The credit for demanding Swaraj from the Congress platform for the first time (1906) goes to him.
- In his Presidential address, he said that the Congress wanted Self-government or Swaraj like that of the United Kingdom or the Colonies.
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji was an economic thinker.
- He came to the conclusion that the root cause for the economic ills of India was the exploitation of India by the British.
- Dadabhai's views on Indian economy are given in his work entitled 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India'.
- His famous 'Drain Theory' explained how India's wealth was being 'drained' to England through various ways.
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Related Questions
Read the excerpt given below and answer the questions that follow:
The romance is that there is security of life and property in India; the reality is that there is no such thing. There is security of life and property in one sense or way — i.e., the people are secure from any violence from each other or from Native despots… But from England's own grasp there is no security of property at all and, as a consequence, no security for life. India’s property is not secure. What is secure, and well secure, is that England is perfectly safe and secure, and does so with perfect security, to carry away from India, and to eat up in India, her property at the present rate of 30,0000,000 or 40,000,000 a year, …. I therefore venture to submit that India does not enjoy security of her property and life…. To millions in India life is simply 'half-feeding', or starvation, or famine and disease.
— Dadabhai Naoroji(a) Who was Dadabhai Naoroji? According to Dadabhai Naoroji, in what sense ‘security of life and property’ prevails in India?
(b) How is England ‘perfectly safe and secure’, as described in the excerpt by Naoroji?
(c) Dadabhai Naoroji propounded a theory to describe the exploitative nature of British rule in India. Name it. Explain briefly the last line of the excerpt given above.
(a) Identify the person in the given picture. State three policies of the imperial regime which were opposed by this person.
(b) What role did he play as a member of Imperial Legislative Council?
(c) How did he try to arouse national awakening?
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Suppose you want to present the demands of the people of your area to the MLA of your area. State which methods followed by the Early Nationalists you would choose and why?