Chemistry
With reference to inter-conversion of matter - on the basis of kinetic theory - explain in brief the conversion of:
(a) A solid into a liquid
(b) A liquid into vapour [or gas]
(c) Vapour [or gas] into a liquid
(d) A liquid into a solid
With special reference to inter-particle space & inter-particle attraction at the different stages of conversion.
Matter
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Answer
(a) A solid into a liquid — On heating a solid, particles gain energy, inter-particle space increases as stored potential energy increases the space, as a result inter-particle attraction decreases and at melting point particles become free. Hence, solids change into liquids.
(b) A liquid into vapour [or gas] — On heating liquids, particles gain energy, inter-particle space increases as stored potential energy increases the space, as a result inter-particle attraction decreases and at boiling point particles become free. Hence, liquids change into gases.
(c) Vapour [or gas] into a liquid — On cooling gases, temperature falls, the potential energy in the molecules is released as heat energy. Released potential energy decreases the space and inter-particle attraction increases. As a result at liquefaction point, particles slow down and gases change to liquids.
(d) A liquid into a solid — On cooling liquids, temperature falls, the potential energy in the molecules is released as heat energy. Released potential energy decreases the space and inter-particle attraction increases. As a result at solidification point, particles slow down and liquids change to solids.
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