History & Civics
With reference to the picture given below, answer the questions that follow:
(a) Identify the Queen seated on the throne.
(b) What solemn promises did she make to the people of India in her Proclamation of 1858?
(c) Why did the British follow the policy of 'Divide and Rule' after 1857? What was its consequence?
Revolt 1857
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Answer
(a) The picture shows Queen Victoria seated on the throne.
(b) The Queen's Proclamation made the following solemn promises to the Indians-
- She promised not to interfere with their religious beliefs of the people of India.
- The Queen also promised equal treatment to all her subjects, Indians and Europeans. All appointments, declared the Queen, would be strictly on the basis of education, ability and integrity.
- An official pardon was granted to people, excepting such persons as had been guilty of the murder of British subjects.
- The Proclamation ended with a promise that the material and moral advancement of the people would henceforth be the main concern of the government. The Secretary of State was required to lay before both houses of British Parliament every year an account of the moral and material progress of India.
These solemn promises, however, were not fulfilled.
(c) After the War, the British started following the policy of 'Divide and Rule'.
- The British tried to pacify the Chiefs and Princes of the native states.
- They were being converted into loyal supporters of the British Raj.
- This was done to create a wall of separation between the Princes and the ordinary masses of the land.
- Further, the strength of the uprising lay in Hindu-Muslim unity. The principal leaders- Nana Saheb, Tantia Tope and others- recognised Bahadur Shah, a Muslim, as their emperor.
- Both Hindus and Muslims had combined against the hated foreigners.
- The British viewed this development with alarm.
- Therefore, they tried to create misunderstandings between the Muslims and the Hindus.
The consequence of the policy of 'Divide and Rule' was that the Princes turned against their own people and a rift started between Hindus and Muslims.
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