History & Civics
The Constitution of India provides for a High Court for each State. With reference to the High Courts and Subordinate Courts, answer the following questions:
(i) Who appoints the judges of the High Court? Mention any two qualifications required for a person to be appointed as a judge of a High Court.
(ii) Mention any three cases that come under the Original Jurisdiction of the High Court.
(iii) What are Lok Adalats? Mention any three advantages of the Lok Adalats.
High Courts
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Answer
(i) The Chief Justice of a High Court is appointed by the President in consultation with the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and the Governor of the concerned state. While appointing other judges, the President consults the Chief Justice of India, the Governor of the State and the Chief Justice of that High Court.
To be appointed as a Judge of a High Court, a person:
- Should be a citizen of India.
- Should not be over 62 years.
(ii) Three cases that come under the Original Jurisdiction of the High Court are:
- Every High Court has the power to interpret the Constitution. This power is known as the power of Judicial Review.
- It enjoys original jurisdiction for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights guaranteed by the Constitution. It can also issue writs for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
- The High Court has original jurisdiction in cases such as, election petitions challenging the election of the Members of Parliament or a member of the State Legislative Assembly or other local bodies.
(iii) Lok Adalat means 'People's Court'. It is an alternative dispute redressal mechanism where disputes/cases pending in the court of law or at pre-litigation stage are settled amicably. There is no court fee payable when a matter is filed in a Lok Adalat.
The Lok Adalats are advantageous in the following ways:
- to provide legal aid and quick justice to those who are not in a position to engage lawyers.
- to relieve the courts of heavy backlog of cases.
- to eliminate high costs and delays in imparting justice.
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