History & Civics
The oppressive British colonial rule led to the growth of nationalism in India. With reference to this, answer the following questions:
(i) The repressive policies of Lord Lytton became a catalyst to the growth of nationalism. Mention any three of his repressive policies to justify this statement.
(ii) Mention any three ways in which the Press promoted nationalism.
(iii) Who presided over the second session of the Indian National Congress?
Mention any three objectives of the Congress.
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Answer
(i) Three repressive policies of Lord Lytton are:
- Vernacular Press Act — This act, enacted in 1878, forbade vernacular papers to publish any material that might incite feelings of dissatisfaction against the British Government. This act was not applicable to English newspapers.
- Arms Act — The Arms Act of 1878 made it a criminal offence for Indians to carry arms without licence. This act did not apply to British.
- Famine Policies — Lord Lytton’s handling of the Great Indian Famine of 1876-1878 has been heavily criticized. Despite the famine, he convened a grand durbar to proclaim Queen Victoria as the Empress of India.
(ii) Three ways in which the Press promoted nationalism are:
- It served as a crucial medium for disseminating information and raising awareness about socio-political issues.
- It helped spread modern ideas of self-government, democracy, civil rights etc.
- The press fostered national unity by spreading ideas and information that united people towards the common goal of independence. It popularized the ideas of nationalist organizations and leader.
(iii) Dadabhai Naoroji presided over the second session of the Indian National Congress in 1886 at Kolkata.
Three objectives of the Indian National Congress were:
- To promote friendly relations between nationalist political workers from different parts of the country.
- To formulate popular demands and present them before the government.
- To train and organise public opinion in the country.
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— Loyal Edmonton Regiment Museum
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